There has been a boom in studies devoted to the Mamluk period (1250-1517) due to a recent "rural turn” in Islamic archaeology, according to a US archaeologist.

Speaking during a webinar titled "The Rural Renaissance of Mamluk Jordan: Tell Hisban in Context” on Thursday, Professor Bethany Walker from the University of Bonn, Germany, said: "The rural turn in Islamic archaeology pushed scholars away from castle sites”. 

Another reason for the shift is the collaboration between archaeologists and historians, Walker said during the event organised by the French institute Ifpo.

There are four points for studying Tell Hisban, located in the Madaba Plain, which according to Walker are: The relations between the Mamluk state and Jordanian small communities, the revival of agriculture in that period, rural decline and daily life.

Tell Hisban is "a living laboratory” of the Mamluk periphery, she stressed, referring to the presence of a castle and a village from the same period.

"The citadel enables scholars to study how the Mamluk administration exercised power towards the local communities on the periphery of its empire,” Walker continued, noting that Tell Hisban had many storerooms for agricultural produce.

The remains of the pottery found at the citadel testify to the diet of soldiers and administrators of the garrison, Walker said, highlighting the coexistence and the trade with the nearby villages and the countryside.

"We have a way too many coins in Tell Hisban and Diban,” mainly copper coins used for everyday village market frequented by farmers and traders  from Jerusalem, she said.

After 1517, many of these sites were gradually depopulated, the archaeologist said, adding that a team also found a jar with goat milk in a house dating back to the 14th century.

"Another message that we learned from Tell Hisban’s decline is the transformation of houses into agricultural terraces during the Ottoman time,” Walker said, adding that "the turn of a site from an occupational phase to a cultivation phase marks the beginning of the decline”.