The previous record of 162 deaths was announced on Monday in the Islamic republic, which has been battling the Middle East's deadliest outbreak of the novel coronavirus.
The new deaths bring the total toll in Iran to 11,571, Health Ministry spokeswoman Sima Sadat Lari said on state television.
"In the past 24 hours, 2,560 people have tested positive for coronavirus, bringing the total number of infections to 240,438," Lari added.
Official figures have shown a rising trajectory in fatalities and new confirmed cases since Iran reported a near-two month low in daily recorded infections in early May.
The increase has prompted the government to make the wearing of masks mandatory in enclosed public spaces, with some officials and state television anchors wearing masks on camera as part of a campaign to encourage their use.
Authorities have repeatedly urged the public to respect hygiene rules aimed at reining in the outbreak.
But footage on state television showed people still travelling without face coverings on public transport, where masks have been obligatory for more than two months.
The Islamic republic has not imposed a full-scale lockdown but has introduced restrictions, including on religious and commercial sites.
But with its US sanctions-strapped economy in crisis, the country had progressively lifted measures from April, as infection numbers had declined.
Official figures show that the virus has rebounded since then.
Lari said almost a third of Iran's 31 provinces were classed "red", the highest category in the country's virus risk ranking.
Authorities say infections in the nine provinces, all on Iran's borders, have yet to peak.