Spain's government on Monday warned the Madrid authorities it could take drastic measures if the region failed to move decisively to slow the uncontrolled spread of coronavirus infections.

The city and the surrounding region is at the epicentre of a second wave of coronavirus that is sweeping Spain, having claimed more than 31,000 lives and infected over 700,000 in the highest infection rate in the European Union.

Over the past week, the Madrid authorities have placed around a million people under partial lockdown, but the measures have fallen well short of the central government's demands, triggering a warning from Justice Minister Juan Carlos Campo.

If Madrid's conservative-led regional government did not toughen its strategy, "there is no doubt that [the central government] is prepared to do whatever is necessary" to rein in the virus, he told Spain's RNE public radio.

Although Spain is struggling with the highest number of new cases within the EU with a rate of nearly 300 per 100,000 inhabitants — in the Madrid region, the figure currently stands at more than 720 per 100,000.

Campo's remarks came as the left-wing administration of Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez ramped up a campaign to pressure Madrid's regional government which began at the weekend.

Since the national state of emergency ended on June 21, responsibility for public healthcare and managing the pandemic has been in the hands of Spain's 17 autonomous regions.

Over the past week, Madrid has imposed partial lockdowns on areas in and around the city where residents cannot leave their neighbourhoods unless for work, school or medical reasons. But they are not confined to their homes and can move freely within their district.

An initial confinement order affecting 850,000 people was rolled out a week ago, with another 167,000 people added on Monday. Police are conducting random checks to ensure compliance with the new rules, which now apply to nearly one in six of the region's 6.6 million residents.

'Putting residents 

at serious risk' 

The restrictions have been imposed in areas with an incidence of 1,000 cases per 100,00 people.

But Health Minister Salvador Illa has said the restrictions should be imposed across the capital as well as surrounding areas with more than 500 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, warning at the weekend that the region was putting its residents "at serious health risk".

His remarks triggered a swift response from regional president Isabel Diaz Ayuso of the conservative opposition Popular Party (PP).

"Madrid cannot close," she retorted, saying a city-wide lockdown was out of the question because of the devastating economic impact.

The stand-off began on Friday, just days after Sanchez and Ayuso met to discuss a coordinated response to the crisis: As a top Madrid official outlined the raft of new restrictions, Spain's health minister addressed a parallel news conference to denounce the measures as not going far enough.

Cristina Monge, a political scientist at the University of Zaragoza, said if Madrid's conservative government refused to bend, the central government had a number of legal options it could use, the "least aggressive" of which was to amend a decree regulating the "new normality" in an emergency.

It could also take more drastic action to declare a state of emergency in Madrid, allowing the central government to take over the region's healthcare — or it could use a constitutional article to suspend the region's autonomy as it did to Catalonia following its failed 2017 independence bid, she said.

But Sanchez's administration wanted Madrid to act because it knew that "direct intervention could be counterproductive", allowing Diaz Ayuso and the PP to deflect blame for the crisis and accuse the central government of "using authoritarian means to usurp its powers", said Pablo Simon, a political scientist at Madrid's Carlos III University.

Both administrations, he said, were keen "to avoid squandering any political capital, and nobody wanted to take responsibility for imposing unpopular measures even if they were necessary to manage the pandemic".